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Home » 2020 Topics & Objectives » Maternal, Infant, and Child Health

Maternal, Infant, and Child Health

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Morbidity and Mortality

MICH-1 Reduce the rate of fetal and infant deaths
MICH-1.1 Reduce the rate of fetal deaths at 20 or more weeks of gestation
Baseline: 6.2 fetal deaths at 20 or more weeks of gestation per 1,000 live births and fetal deaths occurred in 2005
Target: 5.6 fetal deaths per 1,000 live births and fetal deaths
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
National Vital Statistics System-Fetal Death (NVSS-FD), CDC/NCHS; Linked Birth/Infant Death Data Set, CDC/NCHS
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-01a.
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MICH-1.2 Reduce the rate of fetal and infant deaths during perinatal period (28 weeks of gestation to less than 7 days after birth)
Baseline: 6.6 fetal and infant deaths per 1,000 live births and fetal deaths occurred during the perinatal period (28 weeks of gestation to less than 7 days after birth) in 2005
Target: 5.9 perinatal deaths per 1,000 live births and fetal deaths
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
Linked Birth/Infant Death Data Set, CDC/NCHS; National Vital Statistics System-Fetal Death (NVSS-FD), CDC/NCHS
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-01b.
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MICH-1.3 Reduce the rate of all infant deaths (within 1 year)
LHI

Leading Health Indicators are a subset of Healthy People 2020 objectives selected to communicate high-priority health issues.

Baseline: 6.7 infant deaths per 1,000 live births occurred within the first year of life in 2006
Target: 6.0 infant deaths per 1,000 live births
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
Linked Birth/Infant Death Data Set, CDC/NCHS
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-01c.
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MICH-1.4 Reduce the rate of neonatal deaths (within the first 28 days of life)
Baseline: 4.5 neonatal deaths per 1,000 live births occurred within the first 28 days of life in 2006
Target: 4.1 neonatal deaths per 1,000 live births
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
Linked Birth/Infant Death Data Set, CDC/NCHS
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-01d.
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MICH-1.5 Reduce the rate of postneonatal deaths (between 28 days and 1 year)
Baseline: 2.2 postneonatal deaths per 1,000 live births occurred between 28 days and 1 year of life in 2006
Target: 2.0 postneonatal deaths per 1,000 live births
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
Linked Birth/Infant Death Data Set, CDC/NCHS
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-01e.
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MICH-1.6 Reduce the rate of infant deaths related to birth defects (all birth defects)
Baseline: 1.4 infant deaths per 1,000 live births were attributed to birth defects (all birth defects) in 2006
Target: 1.3 infant deaths per 1,000 live births
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
Linked Birth/Infant Death Data Set, CDC/NCHS
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-01f.
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MICH-1.7 Reduce the rate of infant deaths related to birth defects (congenital heart defects)
Baseline: 0.38 infant deaths per 1,000 live births were attributed to congenital heart and vascular defects in 2006
Target: 0.34 infant deaths per 1,000 live births
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
Linked Birth/Infant Death Data Set, CDC/NCHS
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-01g.
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MICH-1.8 Reduce the rate of infant deaths from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
Baseline: 0.55 infant deaths per 1,000 live births were attributed to sudden infant death syndrome in 2006
Target: 0.50 infant deaths per 1,000 live births
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
Linked Birth/Infant Death Data Set, CDC/NCHS
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-01h.
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MICH-1.9 Reduce the rate of infant deaths from sudden unexpected infant deaths (includes SIDS, Unknown Cause, Accidental Suffocation, and Strangulation in Bed)
Baseline: 0.93 infant deaths per 1,000 live births were attributed to sudden unexpected/unexplained causes in 2006
Target: 0.84 infant deaths per 1,000 live births
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
Linked Birth/Infant Death Data Set, CDC/NCHS
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MICH-2 Reduce the 1-year mortality rate for infants with Down syndrome
Baseline: 48.6 deaths within the first year of life per 1,000 infants diagnosed with Down syndrome occurred in 2005–06
Target: 43.7 deaths within the first year of life per 1,000 infants with Down syndrome
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
National Birth Defects Prevention Network (NBDPN), CDC/NCBDDD
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MICH-3 Reduce the rate of child deaths
MICH-3.1 Reduce the rate of deaths among children aged 1 to 4 years
Revised

This objective was revised. See Revision History for Details.

Baseline: 29.4 deaths among children aged 1 to 4 years per 100,000 population occurred in 2007
Target: 26.5 deaths per 100,000 population
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
National Vital Statistics System-Mortality (NVSS-M), CDC/NCHS; Bridged-race Population Estimates, CDC/NCHS and Census
Data:
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-02a.
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MICH-3.2 Reduce the rate of deaths among children aged 5 to 9 years
Revised

This objective was revised. See Revision History for Details.

Baseline: 13.8 deaths among children aged 5 to 9 years per 100,000 population occurred in 2007
Target: 12.4 deaths per 100,000 population
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
National Vital Statistics System-Mortality (NVSS-M), CDC/NCHS; Bridged-race Population Estimates, CDC/NCHS and Census
Data:
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-02b.
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MICH-4 Reduce the rate of adolescent and young adult deaths
MICH-4.1 Reduce the rate of deaths among adolescents aged 10 to 14 years
Revised

This objective was revised. See Revision History for Details.

Baseline: 16.5 deaths among adolescents aged 10 to 14 years per 100,000 population occurred in 2007
Target: 14.8 deaths per 100,000 population
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
National Vital Statistics System-Mortality (NVSS-M), CDC/NCHS; Bridged-race Population Estimates, CDC/NCHS and Census
Data:
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-03a.
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MICH-4.2 Reduce the rate of deaths among adolescents aged 15 to 19 years
Revised

This objective was revised. See Revision History for Details.

Baseline: 60.3 deaths among adolescents aged 15 to 19 years per 100,000 population occurred in 2007
Target: 54.3 deaths per 100,000 population
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
National Vital Statistics System-Mortality (NVSS-M), CDC/NCHS; Bridged-race Population Estimates, CDC/NCHS and Census
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-03b.
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MICH-4.3 Reduce the rate of deaths among young adults aged 20 to 24 years
Revised

This objective was revised. See Revision History for Details.

Baseline: 98.1 deaths among young adults aged 20 to 24 years per 100,000 population occurred in 2007
Target: 88.3 deaths per 100,000 population
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
National Vital Statistics System-Mortality (NVSS-M), CDC/NCHS; Bridged-race Population Estimates, CDC/NCHS and Census
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-03c.
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MICH-5 Reduce the rate of maternal mortality
Baseline: 12.7 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births occurred in 2007
Target: 11.4 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
National Vital Statistics System-Mortality (NVSS-M), CDC/NCHS; National Vital Statistics System-Natality (NVSS-N), CDC/NCHS
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-04.
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MICH-6 Reduce maternal illness and complications due to pregnancy (complications during hospitalized labor and delivery)
Baseline: 31.1 percent of pregnant females suffered complications during hospitalized labor and delivery in 2007
Target: 28.0 percent
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS), CDC/NCHS
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-05a.
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MICH-7 Reduce cesarean births among low-risk (full-term, singleton, and vertex presentation) women
MICH-7.1 Reduce cesarean births among low-risk women with no prior births
Revised

This objective was revised. See Revision History for Details.

Baseline: 27.4 percent of low-risk females with no prior birth had a cesarean birth in 2007
Target: 24.7 percent
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
National Vital Statistics System-Natality (NVSS-N), CDC/NCHS
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-09a.
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MICH-7.2 Reduce cesarean births among low-risk women giving birth with a prior cesarean birth
Baseline: 90.8 percent of low-risk females giving birth with a prior cesarean birth had a cesarean birth in 2007
Target: 81.7 percent
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
National Vital Statistics System-Natality (NVSS-N), CDC/NCHS
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-09b.
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MICH-8 Reduce low birth weight (LBW) and very low birth weight (VLBW)
MICH-8.1 Reduce low birth weight (LBW)
Baseline: 8.2 percent of live births were low birth weight in 2007
Target: 7.8 percent
Target-Setting Method: Projection/trend analysis
Data Sources:
National Vital Statistics System-Natality (NVSS-N), CDC/NCHS
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-10a.
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MICH-8.2 Reduce very low birth weight (VLBW)
Baseline: 1.5 percent of live births were very low birth weight in 2007
Target: 1.4 percent
Target-Setting Method: Projection/trend analysis
Data Sources:
National Vital Statistics System-Natality (NVSS-N), CDC/NCHS
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-10b.
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MICH-9 Reduce preterm births
MICH-9.1 Reduce total preterm births
LHI

Leading Health Indicators are a subset of Healthy People 2020 objectives selected to communicate high-priority health issues.

Revised

This objective was revised. See Revision History for Details.

Baseline: 10.4 percent of live births were preterm in 2007
Target: 9.4 percent
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
National Vital Statistics System-Natality (NVSS-N), CDC/NCHS
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-11a.
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MICH-9.2 Reduce late preterm or live births at 34 to 36 weeks of gestation
Revised

This objective was revised. See Revision History for Details.

Baseline: 7.5 percent of live births were late preterm or occurred at 34 to 36 weeks of gestation in 2007
Target: 6.8 percent
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
National Vital Statistics System-Natality (NVSS-N), CDC/NCHS
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-11b.
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MICH-9.3 Reduce live births at 32 to 33 weeks of gestation
Revised

This objective was revised. See Revision History for Details.

Baseline: 1.2 percent of live births occurred at 32 to 33 weeks of gestation in 2007
Target: 1.1 percent
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
National Vital Statistics System-Natality (NVSS-N), CDC/NCHS
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MICH-9.4 Reduce very preterm or live births at less than 32 weeks of gestation
Revised

This objective was revised. See Revision History for Details.

Baseline: 1.7 percent of live births occurred at less than 32 weeks of gestation in 2007
Target: 1.5 percent
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
National Vital Statistics System-Natality (NVSS-N), CDC/NCHS
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-11c.
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Pregnancy Health and Behaviors

MICH-10 Increase the proportion of pregnant women who receive early and adequate prenatal care
MICH-10.1 Increase the proportion of pregnant women who receive prenatal care beginning in the first trimester
Revised

This objective was revised. See Revision History for Details.

Baseline: 77.1 percent of females delivering a live birth received prenatal care beginning in the first trimester in 2016
Target: 84.8 percent
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
National Vital Statistics System-Natality (NVSS-N), CDC/NCHS
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-06a.
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MICH-10.2 Increase the proportion of pregnant women who receive early and adequate prenatal care
Revised

This objective was revised. See Revision History for Details.

Baseline: 75.6 percent of pregnant females received early and adequate prenatal care in 2016
Target: 83.2 percent
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
National Vital Statistics System-Natality (NVSS-N), CDC/NCHS
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-06b.
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MICH-11 Increase abstinence from alcohol, cigarettes, and illicit drugs among pregnant women
MICH-11.1 Increase abstinence from alcohol among pregnant women
Baseline: 89.4 percent of pregnant females aged 15 to 44 years reported abstaining from alcohol in the past 30 days in 2007–08
Target: 98.3 percent
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), SAMHSA
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-17a.
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MICH-11.2 Increase abstinence from binge drinking among pregnant women
Revised

This objective was revised. See Revision History for Details.

Baseline: 95.5 percent of pregnant females aged 15 to 44 years reported abstaining from binge drinking during the past 30 days in 2015–16
Target: 100 percent
Target-Setting Method: Total coverage
Data Sources:
National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), SAMHSA
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-17b.
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MICH-11.3 Increase abstinence from cigarette smoking among pregnant women
Baseline: 92.8 percent of females delivering a live birth reported abstaining from smoking cigarettes during pregnancy in 2016
Target: 98.6 percent
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
National Vital Statistics System-Natality (NVSS-N), CDC/NCHS
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-17c.
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MICH-11.4 Increase abstinence from illicit drugs among pregnant women
Revised

This objective was revised. See Revision History for Details.

Baseline: 94.5 percent of pregnant females aged 15 to 44 years reported abstaining from illicit drugs in the past 30 days in 2015–16
Target: 100 percent
Target-Setting Method: Total coverage
Data Sources:
National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), SAMHSA
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-17d.
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MICH-12 (Developmental) Increase the proportion of pregnant women who attend a series of prepared childbirth classes
Archived

This objective was archived due to lack of data source, changes in science, or was replaced with other objectives. See Revision History for Details.

Potential Data Sources:
Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), CDC/NCCDPHP; California's Maternal and Infant Health Assessment (MIHA), California Department of Public Health (CDPH)
Data:
Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-07.
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MICH-13 (Developmental) Increase the proportion of mothers who achieve a recommended weight gain during their pregnancies
Potential Data Sources:
National Vital Statistics System-Natality (NVSS-N), CDC/NCHS
Data:
Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-12.
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Preconception Health and Behaviors

MICH-14 Increase the proportion of women of childbearing potential with intake of at least 400 µg of folic acid daily from fortified foods or dietary supplements
Baseline: 23.8 percent of nonpregnant females aged 15 to 44 years reported a usual daily total intake of at least 400 µg of folic acid from fortified foods or dietary supplements in 2003–06
Target: 26.2 percent
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), CDC/NCHS
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-16a.
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MICH-15 Reduce the proportion of women of childbearing potential who have lower (below the 25th percentile) red blood cell folate concentrations
Revised

This objective was revised. See Revision History for Details.

Baseline: 24.9 percent of nonpregnant females aged 15 to 44 years had lower (below the 25th percentile) red blood cell folate concentrations in 2007–10
Target: 22.4 percent
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), CDC/NCHS
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-16b.
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MICH-16 Increase the proportion of women delivering a live birth who received preconception care services and practiced key recommended preconception health behaviors
MICH-16.1 Increase the proportion of women delivering a live birth who discussed preconception health with a health care worker prior to pregnancy
Revised

This objective was revised. See Revision History for Details.

Baseline: 24.5 percent of women who delivered a live birth in 2012 discussed preconception health with a health care worker prior to pregnancy
Target: 27.0 percent
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), CDC/NCCDPHP; California's Maternal and Infant Health Assessment (MIHA), California Department of Public Health (CDPH)
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MICH-16.2 Increase the proportion of women delivering a live birth who took multivitamins/folic acid prior to pregnancy
Baseline: 30.3 percent of females delivering a recent live birth took multivitamins/folic acid every day in the month prior to pregnancy, as reported in 2007
Target: 33.3 percent
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), CDC/NCCDPHP; California's Maternal and Infant Health Assessment (MIHA), California Department of Public Health (CDPH)
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MICH-16.3 Increase the proportion of women delivering a live birth who did not smoke prior to pregnancy
Revised

This objective was revised. See Revision History for Details.

Baseline: 79.8 percent of females delivering a recent live birth did not smoke in the 3 months prior to pregnancy, as reported in 2011
Target: 87.8 percent
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), CDC/NCCDPHP; California's Maternal and Infant Health Assessment (MIHA), California Department of Public Health (CDPH)
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MICH-16.4 Increase the proportion of women delivering a live birth who did not drink alcohol prior to pregnancy
Baseline: 50.6 percent of females delivering a recent live birth did not drink alcohol in the 3 months prior to pregnancy, as reported in 2007
Target: 55.6 percent
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), CDC/NCCDPHP; California's Maternal and Infant Health Assessment (MIHA), California Department of Public Health (CDPH)
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MICH-16.5 Increase the proportion of women delivering a live birth who had a healthy weight prior to pregnancy
Baseline: 52.5 percent of females delivering a recent live birth had a normal weight (i.e., a BMI of 18.5 to 24.9) prior to pregnancy, as reported in 2007
Target: 57.8 percent
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), CDC/NCCDPHP; California's Maternal and Infant Health Assessment (MIHA), California Department of Public Health (CDPH)
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MICH-16.6 Increase the proportion of women delivering a live birth who used a most effective or moderately effective contraception method postpartum
Revised

This objective was revised. See Revision History for Details.

Baseline: 53.2 percent of women delivering a live birth used a most effective or moderately effective contraception method postpartum in 2012
Target: 58.5 percent
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), CDC/NCCDPHP; California's Maternal and Infant Health Assessment (MIHA), California Department of Public Health (CDPH)
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MICH-17 Reduce the proportion of persons aged 18 to 44 years who have impaired fecundity (i.e., a physical barrier preventing pregnancy or carrying a pregnancy to term)
MICH-17.1 Reduce the proportion of women aged 18 to 44 years who have impaired fecundity
Revised

This objective was revised. See Revision History for Details.

Baseline: 12.7 percent of females aged 18 to 44 years had impaired fecundity in 2002
Target: 11.4 percent
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), CDC/NCHS
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 09-12.
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MICH-17.2 (Developmental) Reduce the proportion of men aged 18 to 44 years who have impaired fecundity
Potential Data Sources:
National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), CDC/NCHS
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Postpartum Health and Behavior

MICH-18 Reduce postpartum relapse of smoking among women who quit smoking during pregnancy
Revised

This objective was revised. See Revision History for Details.

Baseline: 42.4 percent of postpartum women who quit smoking during pregnancy relapsed in 2011
Target: 38.2 percent
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), CDC/NCCDPHP; California's Maternal and Infant Health Assessment (MIHA), California Department of Public Health (CDPH)
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MICH-19 Increase the proportion of women giving birth who attend a postpartum care visit with a health care worker
Revised

This objective was revised. See Revision History for Details.

Baseline: 90.1 percent of women giving birth in 2012 attended a postpartum care visit with a health care worker
Target: 90.8 percent
Target-Setting Method: Minimal statistical significance
Data Sources:
Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), CDC/NCCDPHP; California's Maternal and Infant Health Assessment (MIHA), California Department of Public Health (CDPH)
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MICH-34 (Developmental) Decrease the proportion of women delivering a live birth who experience postpartum depressive symptoms
Potential Data Sources:
Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), CDC/NCCDPHP; California's Maternal and Infant Health Assessment (MIHA), California Department of Public Health (CDPH)

Infant Care

MICH-20 Increase the proportion of infants who are put to sleep on their backs
Baseline: 68.9 percent of infants were put to sleep on their backs in 2007
Target: 75.8 percent
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), CDC/NCCDPHP; California's Maternal and Infant Health Assessment (MIHA), California Department of Public Health (CDPH)
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-13.
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MICH-21 Increase the proportion of infants who are breastfed
MICH-21.1 Increase the proportion of infants who are ever breastfed
Revised

This objective was revised. See Revision History for Details.

Baseline: 76.1 percent of infants born in 2009 were ever breastfed, as reported in 2011–12
Target: 81.9 percent
Target-Setting Method: Projection/trend analysis
Data Sources:
National Immunization Survey (NIS), CDC/NCIRD and CDC/NCHS
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-19a.
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MICH-21.2 Increase the proportion of infants who are breastfed at 6 months
Revised

This objective was revised. See Revision History for Details.

Baseline: 46.6 percent of infants born in 2009 were breastfed at 6 months, as reported in 2011-12
Target: 60.6 percent
Target-Setting Method: Projection/trend analysis
Data Sources:
National Immunization Survey (NIS), CDC/NCIRD and CDC/NCHS
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-19b.
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MICH-21.3 Increase the proportion of infants who are breastfed at 1 year
Revised

This objective was revised. See Revision History for Details.

Baseline: 24.6 percent of infants born in 2009 were breastfed at 1 year, as reported in 2011–12
Target: 34.1 percent
Target-Setting Method: Projection/trend analysis
Data Sources:
National Immunization Survey (NIS), CDC/NCIRD and CDC/NCHS
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-19c.
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MICH-21.4 Increase the proportion of infants who are breastfed exclusively through 3 months
Revised

This objective was revised. See Revision History for Details.

Baseline: 35.9 percent of infants born in 2009 were breastfed exclusively through 3 months, as reported in 2011–12
Target: 46.2 percent
Target-Setting Method: Projection/trend analysis
Data Sources:
National Immunization Survey (NIS), CDC/NCIRD and CDC/NCHS
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-19d.
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MICH-21.5 Increase the proportion of infants who are breastfed exclusively through 6 months
Revised

This objective was revised. See Revision History for Details.

Baseline: 15.6 percent of infants born in 2009 were breastfed exclusively through 6 months, as reported in 2011–12
Target: 25.5 percent
Target-Setting Method: Projection/trend analysis
Data Sources:
National Immunization Survey (NIS), CDC/NCIRD and CDC/NCHS
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-19e.
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MICH-22 Increase the proportion of employers that have worksite lactation support programs
Baseline: 25 percent of employers reported providing an onsite lactation/mother’s room in 2009
Target: 38 percent
Target-Setting Method: Projection/trend analysis
Data Sources:
Employee Benefits Survey, Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM)
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MICH-23 Reduce the proportion of breastfed newborns who receive formula supplementation within the first 2 days of life
Revised

This objective was revised. See Revision History for Details.

Baseline: 23.3 percent of breastfed newborns born in 2009 received formula supplementation within the first 2 days of life, as reported in 2011–12
Target: 14.2 percent
Target-Setting Method: Projection/trend analysis
Data Sources:
National Immunization Survey (NIS), CDC/NCIRD and CDC/NCHS
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MICH-24 Increase the proportion of live births that occur in facilities that provide recommended care for lactating mothers and their babies
Baseline: 2.9 percent of 2007 live births occurred in facilities that provide recommended care for lactating mothers and their babies, as reported in 2009
Target: 8.1 percent
Target-Setting Method: Projection/trend analysis
Data Sources:
Breastfeeding Report Card, CDC/NCCDPHP
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Disability and Other Impairments

MICH-25 Reduce the occurrence of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
Baseline: 3.6 cases of fetal alcohol syndrome per 10,000 live births in 2006 were suspected or confirmed among children born in 2001–04 (standardized to 2006 U.S. live births)
Target: Not applicable
Target-Setting Method: This measure is being tracked for informational purposes. If warranted, a target will be set during the decade.
Data Sources:
Fetal Alcohol Surveillance System Network (FASSNet), CDC/NCBDDD; National Vital Statistics System-Natality (NVSS-N), CDC/NCHS
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-18.
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MICH-26 Reduce the proportion of children diagnosed with a disorder through newborn bloodspot screening who experience developmental delay requiring special education services
Baseline: 15.1 percent of children born from 1988–96 who were diagnosed with a disorder through newborn bloodspot screening were receiving special education services between 3-10 years of age
Target: 13.6 percent
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Surveillance Program (MADDSP), CDC/NCBDDD
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MICH-27 Reduce the proportion of children with cerebral palsy born low or very low birth weight
MICH-27.1 Reduce the proportion of children aged 8 years with cerebral palsy born low birth weight (less than 2,500 grams)
Baseline: 50.0 percent of children aged 8 years with cerebral palsy were born low birth weight (less than 2,500 grams) as reported in 2006
Target: 45.0 percent
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network (ADDM), CDC/NCBDDD
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-14b.
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MICH-27.2 Reduce the proportion of children aged 8 years with cerebral palsy born very low birth weight (less than 1,500 grams)
Baseline: 32.5 percent of children aged 8 years with cerebral palsy were born very low birth weight (less than 1,500 grams) as reported in 2006
Target: 25.7 percent
Target-Setting Method: Minimal statistical significance
Data Sources:
Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network (ADDM), CDC/NCBDDD
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-14b.
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MICH-28 Reduce occurrence of neural tube defects
MICH-28.1 Reduce the occurrence of spina bifida
Revised

This objective was revised. See Revision History for Details.

Baseline: 34.2 cases of spina bifida per 100,000 live births in 2005–06
Target: 30.8 cases of spina bifida per 100,000 live births
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
National Birth Defects Prevention Network (NBDPN), CDC/NCBDDD; National Vital Statistics System-Natality (NVSS-N), CDC/NCHS
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-15.
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MICH-28.2 Reduce the occurrence of anencephaly
Revised

This objective was revised. See Revision History for Details.

Baseline: 24.6 cases of anencephaly per 100,000 live births in 2005–06
Target: 22.1 cases of anencephaly per 100,000 live births
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
National Birth Defects Prevention Network (NBDPN), CDC/NCBDDD; National Vital Statistics System-Natality (NVSS-N), CDC/NCHS
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MICH-29 Increase the proportion of young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other developmental delays who are screened, evaluated, and enrolled in special services in a timely manner
MICH-29.1 Increase the proportion of children (aged 10-35 months) who have been screened for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and other developmental delays
Revised

This objective was revised. See Revision History for Details.

Baseline: 22.6 percent of children aged 10 to 35 months were screened for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and other developmental delays in the past year as reported in 2007
Target: 24.9 percent
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH), HRSA/MCHB and CDC/NCHS
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-14c.
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MICH-29.2 Increase the proportion of children with ASD having a first evaluation by 36 months of age
Revised

This objective was revised. See Revision History for Details.

Baseline: 42.7 percent of children aged 8 years with ASD had a first evaluation by 36 months of age, as reported in 2006
Target: 47.0 percent
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network (ADDM), CDC/NCBDDD
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MICH-29.3 Increase the proportion of children with ASD enrolled in special services by 48 months of age
Revised

This objective was revised. See Revision History for Details.

Baseline: 52.4 percent of children aged 8 years with ASD were enrolled in special services by 48 months of age, as reported in 2006
Target: 57.6 percent
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Surveillance Program (MADDSP), CDC/NCBDDD
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MICH-29.4 (Developmental) Increase the proportion of children with a developmental delay with a first evaluation by 36 months of age
Potential Data Sources:
National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH), HRSA/MCHB and CDC/NCHS
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MICH-29.5 (Developmental) Increase the proportion of children with a developmental delay enrolled in special services by 48 months of age
Potential Data Sources:
National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH), HRSA/MCHB and CDC/NCHS
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Health Services

MICH-30 Increase the proportion of children, including those with special health care needs, who have access to a medical home
MICH-30.1 Increase the proportion of children who have access to a medical home
Baseline: 57.5 percent of children under age 18 years had access to a medical home in 2007
Target: 63.3 percent
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH), HRSA/MCHB and CDC/NCHS
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MICH-30.2 Increase the proportion of children with special health care needs who have access to a medical home
Baseline: 47.1 percent of children under age 18 years with special health care needs had access to a medical home in 2005–06
Target: 51.8 percent
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs (NS-CSHCN), HRSA/MCHB and CDC/NCHS
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-22.
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MICH-31 Increase the proportion of children with special health care needs who receive their care in family-centered, comprehensive, and coordinated systems
MICH-31.1 Increase the proportion of children aged 0 to 11 years with special health care needs who receive their care in family-centered, comprehensive, and coordinated systems
Baseline: 20.4 percent of children aged 0 through 11 years with special health care needs received their care in family-centered, comprehensive, and coordinated systems in 2005–06
Target: 22.4 percent
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs (NS-CSHCN), HRSA/MCHB and CDC/NCHS
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-23.
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MICH-31.2 Increase the proportion of children aged 12 to 17 years with special health care needs who receive their care in family-centered, comprehensive, coordinated systems
Baseline: 13.8 percent of children aged 12 through 17 years with special health care needs received their care in family-centered, comprehensive, and coordinated systems in 2005–06
Target: 15.1 percent
Target-Setting Method: 10 percent improvement
Data Sources:
National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs (NS-CSHCN), HRSA/MCHB and CDC/NCHS
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MICH-32 Increase appropriate newborn bloodspot screening and follow-up testing
MICH-32.1 Increase the number of States and the District of Columbia that verify through linkage with vital records that all newborns are screened shortly after birth for conditions mandated by their State-sponsored screening program
Baseline: 21 States verified through linkage with vital records that all newborns were screened shortly after birth for conditions mandated by their State-sponsored screening program in 2010
Target: 45 States (44 States and the District of Columbia)
Target-Setting Method: Projection/trend analysis
Data Sources:
National Newborn Screen and Global Resource Center (NNSGRC), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Pediatrics (UTHSCSA)
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-20a.
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MICH-32.2 Increase the proportion of screen-positive children who receive followup testing within the recommended time period
Baseline: 98.3 percent of screen-positive children received followup testing within the recommended time period in 2003–06
Target: 100 percent
Target-Setting Method: Total coverage
Data Sources:
Title V Information System (TVIS), HRSA/MCHB
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-20b.
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MICH-32.3 (Developmental) Increase the proportion of children with a diagnosed condition identified through newborn screening who have an annual assessment of services needed and received
Potential Data Sources:
National Newborn Screen and Global Resource Center (NNSGRC), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Pediatrics (UTHSCSA)
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MICH-33 Increase the proportion of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants born at Level III hospitals or subspecialty perinatal centers
Baseline: 75.0 percent of VLBW infants were born at Level III hospitals or subspecialty perinatal centers in 2003–06
Target: 83.7 percent
Target-Setting Method: Projection/trend analysis
Data Sources:
Title V Information System (TVIS), HRSA/MCHB
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Healthy People 2010 The HP2010 objective with the same definition was 16-08.
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