Building
the Foundation: Leadership and Structureµ Denotes
a recommended "Hot Pick" resource
- Bryson J.M., Crosby B.C. Leadership for
the Common Good: Tackling Public Problems in a Shared-Power World. Jossey Bass
Publishers, Inc. San Francisco, CA, 1993.
Focuses on leadership in the public sector by explaining
the dynamics of change in a shared-power world. It offers guidance for public leadership
and decision-making when public problems are addressed.
- µ Civic Practices Network–Community Section.
Provides information on community building
through "community organizing, social capital, and urban democracy." It also
provides information on the Consensus Organizing Model, which explains how one can bring
together all the players in a community.
- Feldman P., Gold M., Chu K. "Enhancing
Information for State Health Policy." Health Affairs, 13(3):236-250, 1994.
Essay on development of credible data, active
policy champions, using data to gain the support of key constituencies, choosing staff
with entrepreneurial and bridging skills, and taking advantage of short term policy
windows.
Summary of the 1997 Food Safety Initiative,
which shows the collaboration between Federal, state and local agencies, and private
organizations engaged in food production, marketing, preparation, and consumption.
A virtual magazine of the electronic policy
network.
- Marando V.L., Melchior A.C. "Public Health As
A County Government Priority: Problems And Solutions For The Political Arena." American
Journal of Preventive Medicine, 11(6 Suppl):17-23, 1995.
"This article addresses the priority issue
given to public health by top county government officials. We determine that public health
is generally a low priority issue for county government leaders. The low priority given to
public health is, in part, linked to top county officials’ lack of recognition of
important public health problems and low levels of community group advocacy for public
health issues."
- Najera A.P. "History of Successful Ballot
Initiatives – California." Cancer, 83(12):2680-4, 1998.
This article gives a brief history of
California’s tobacco legislation.
Links to California, Federal, and other
legislative and regulatory resources.
- Shelton D.M., Alciati M.H., Chang M.M., Fishman
J.A., Fues L.A., Michaels J., Bazile R.J., Bridgers J.C. Jr., Rosenthal J.L., Kutty L., et
al. "State Laws on Tobacco Control – United States, 1995." Morbidity and
Mortality Weekly Report: CDC Surveillance Summary, 44(6):1-28, 1995.
"Stateline.org was founded in order to help
journalists, policy makers and engaged citizens become better informed about innovative
public policies." The web site covers welfare reform, healthcare especially as it
relates to children and the right to die, and education especially the manner in which
public schools are financed, among other issues.
- Wallack L., Dorfman L. "Media Advocacy: A
Strategy for Advancing Policy and Promoting Health." Health Education Quarterly,
23(3):293-317, 1996.
"This article uses two case studies to
illustrate key aspects of media advocacy. The first is a 5-year statewide violence
prevention initiative for young people in California. The second focuses on the activities
of a mothers’ group working to improve public housing. The "new public
health," with its focus on participation, policy development, and political processes
could benefit from incorporating media advocacy."
- Weller J. "History of Successful Ballot
Initiatives – Oregon." Cancer, 83(12):2693-6, 1998.
This article gives a brief history of
Oregon’s tobacco legislation.
- µ Williams-Crowe S.M., Aultman T.V. "State Health
Agencies and the Legislative Policy Process." Public Health Report,
109(3):361-7, 1994.
"Based on the experiences of state
legislative liaison officers, specific strategies for dealing with state legislatures have
been identified and are organized into five key areas—agency organization, staff
skills, communications, negotiation, and active ongoing involvement. A public health
agency must be organized effectively to participate in the legislative policy
process."
Identifying and Securing Resources
Agency
for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ).
Links to funding opportunities, grant
announcements, policy notices, and research training grants.
"Tool for finding and exchanging information
about Federal grant programs."
"This is a non-profit organization serving
funders throughout the country who make grants in health and related human services.
Grantmakers in Health serves these constituents through convening, publishing, providing
education/training, conducting research, developing and making accessible databases and
other information resources, providing technical assistance and consultation, making
referrals, and helping grantmakers build professional relationships."
Provides a list of links to funding sources.
A quick summary of mistakes people make in
their search for funding and what to do to avoid those mistakes.
Information and links for grants and grant
writing, funding information on arts and humanities, children and youth, community
development, crime, justice, law enforcement, disabled, education, environment,
evaluation, and government. Information from grant-maker associations, health and medical
organizations, philanthropy, research funding, rural funding, science, social services and
welfare, substance abuse, telecommunications and technology, and training.
A guide to "assist grant seekers
in their
search for funding sources for health related activities. Includes resources to enhance
one’s knowledge of public funding, private funding, and the basics of getting started
in the search for funding sources."
A searchable database of "funding resources
that can help support minority health projects and other health related programs."
Links to California, Federal and other
legislative and regulatory resources.
"The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s
mission is to improve the health and health care of all Americans. Remaining faithful to
our mission means keeping our commitment to the American People in everything we do from
encouraging healthier living and the conditions that promote better health to promoting
positive changes in the way health care is delivered in this country."
A revised edition of Rural Health Services
Funding: Resource Guide. Additional directories and resources have been added along with
an update of the section on Electronic Funding Resources. Publishers' information, listed
in Section VIII, gives the reader the necessary information to purchase a publication.
Highlights of the 1998 Study: Health Policy Grant
Making: A Report on Foundation Trends.
Provides links to grant and funding information
on the World Wide Web and print resources which are available at the Health Sciences
Library System at the University of Pittsburgh.
- µ U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public
Health Service, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. "Locating
Resources for Healthy People 2000 Health Promotion Projects." Available from
Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.
(202) 512-1800, 1991.
"This publication is a guide to locating
financial assistance for projects related to the Healthy People 2000 goals. It reviews
principles and procedures of grant seeking, and discusses ways to locate specific groups
in the private sector and local, state, and federal agencies that might provide funding. A
list of information resources is included, along with a glossary, bibliography, and sample
application form."
The mission of the Kellogg Foundation is "to
help people help themselves through the practical application of knowledge and resources
to improve their quality of life and that of future generations." The Foundation was
established in 1930 and has "continuously focused on building the capacity of
individuals, communities, and institutions to solve their own problems."
Identifying and Engaging Community Partners
Adams C.F., ed. "Voices from America:
Healthy Community Stories from Across the Nation." American Hospital Association,
1998.
This is a collection of 10 case stories which
highlight collaborations between local communities and neighborhoods which have defined
health and quality of life for themselves, and designed initiatives to achieve these
goals. Each community profile highlights lessons learned and outcomes.
"Planning and Community Partnerships focuses
on coordination and collaboration in order to assess and assure the health of the
community."
- Baker E.A., Brownson C.A. "Defining
Characteristics of Community-Based Health Promotion Programs." Journal of Public
Health Management and Practice, 4(2): 1-9, 1998.
This article examines some of the defining
characteristics of community-based health promotion programs and the challenges faced by
practitioners who wish to engage in this type of work.
Civic Practices Network–Community Section
provides information on community building through "community organizing, social
capital, and urban democracy." It also provides information on the Consensus
Organizing Model, which explains how one can bring together all the players in a
community.
- Coalition for Healthier Cities and Communities.
c/o Health Research, Education, and Trust, One North Franklin, Chicago, Illinois 60606
(312) 422-2635.
The coalition is a partnership of entities from
the public, private and non-profit sectors collaborating to focus attention and resources
on improving the health and quality of life of communities through community-based
development.
This guide assists communities in hosting
dialogues leading to action and policy on what makes healthier communities. It is a part
of the Healthy Communities Agenda, the 1999 – 2000 campaign of the Coalition for
Healthier Cities and Communities and its partners. For more information contact the
Healthy Communities Agenda "Dialogue Coach" at 1-800-803-6516 or contact the
Coalition for Healthier Cities and Communities, One North Franklin, Chicago, IL 60606.
The Community Tool Box’s mission is to
promote community health and development by connecting people, ideas, and resources. The
web site provides tools to build healthier and stronger communities. The web site also
provides information for those interested in a variety of community health and development
issues and connects individuals to personalized assistance for improving community change
efforts. Sections of the web site include step-by-step guidelines, real-life examples,
checklists of points to review, and training materials for practitioners. The Tool Box
also includes success stories, innovative practices, trouble-shooting guides, and links.
"The Chandler Center for Community Leadership is concerned with the practical
application of research, proven success, and action to solve community problems. Attention
is centered on achieving positive community conditions, which include: helping communities
to become vision and mission driven, tailoring services to fit the community, developing
preventative solutions, emphasizing the value of citizen leadership, collaborative use of
resources, and the democratic formation of public policy."
- Goodman R.M., Speers M.A., et al.
"Identifying and Defining the Dimensions of Community Capacity to Provide a Basis for
Measurement." Health Education and Behavior, 25(3): 258-278, 1998.
The article identifies dimensions of community
capacity for program development, implementation and evaluation.
This web site is maintained by the State
Network for Healthy Communities, a network of state and regional level initiatives that
support the Coalition for Healthier Cities and Communities. Its two main objectives are to
1) encourage state-level collaboration between partners from various sectors; and 2)
encourage state-level stake holders to make their presence and resources better known
throughout their own state. The network has links to the following states and includes
information from the healthy communities within them: Colorado, Florida, Louisiana,
Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, Utah, Washington,
and Wyoming.
"The Committee’s analysis…the
public’s health depends on the interaction of many factors; thus, the health of a
community is a shared responsibility of many entities, organizations, and interests in the
community, including health delivery organizations, public health agencies, other public
and private entities, and the people of a community."
- Kegler M.C., Steckler A. et al. "Factors That
Contribute to Effective Community Health Promotion Coalitions: A Study of 10 Project
ASSIST Coalitions in North Carolina." Health Education and Behavior, 25(3):
338-353, 1998.
"The results suggest that coalitions with
good communication and skilled members had higher levels of member participation and
member states. Coalitions with more staff time devoted to them and more complex structures
had greater resource mobilization. Coalitions with more staff time, good communication,
greater cohesion, and more complex structures had higher levels of implementation."
- Lasker R.D., and the Committee on Medicine and
Public Health. Medicine and Public Health: The Power of Collaboration. The New York
Academy of Medicine, New York, 1997.
Includes a history of relationships between
medicine and public health and previous attempts to bridge the gap. Also includes models
of medicine and public health collaboration as well as case studies.
- Milio, N. "Priorities and Strategies for
Promoting Community-Based Prevention Policies." Journal of Public Health
Management and Practice, 4(3): 14-28, 1998.
"Policy making requires a grasp of the
interplay among stakeholders, policy makers, the press, and the public. A framework for
gathering relevant information and guiding strategic action is a useful tool for
participation in community, state, and national arenas in the interests of population
health."
- µ National Association of County Health Officials. Assessment
Protocol for Excellence in Public Health (APEXPH), 1991.
The tool is an eight-step process for assessing
community health status and planning for improvement. It is based on the principles of
environmental justice, community collaboration, and locally appropriate decision making.
Guidance is designed to be easily accessible and flexible enough to meet the needs of a
variety of communities with differing health concerns. For more information, see http://www.naccho.org
- National Association of County and City Health
Officials. Protocol for Assessing Excellence in Environmental Health (PACE), June
1997.
PACE’s methodology consists of eight steps
that are designed to walk a local health department through a process of engaging
community residents in identifying environmental health priorities. Health departments
working in concert with the community to design and direct the assessment from the
earliest stage through completion is integral to the methodology of PACE. Only in this
manner can the process accurately represent the needs and wishes of the people it will
most directly affect. For more information, see http://www.naccho.org.
- Norris T. "Healthy Communities." National
Civic Review, 86(1): 3-10, 1997.
The author suggests that what works best to
create and sustain positive community change can ultimately be defined in a local context.
Successful communities: recognize that the health and sustainability of a community are
products of the whole community working, and not as a result of isolated interventions in
any single sector. Instead, they engage everybody and build ownership and civic
engagement; take a regional and a local approach simultaneously; know how they are
performing; start with a shared vision and follow with a specific action plan and
implementation strategy; build on existing resources; and look at systemic change.
Provides links to community organizing and coalition building fact sheets and bulletins.
- Revisiting the Critical Elements of Comprehensive
Community Initiatives.
The study focuses on lessons and insights
gained by Comprehensive Community Initiatives. The study describes effective outreach, how
to sustain involvement, how to address cultural issues, and how to address the challenges
of collaboration.
- µ U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC/ATSDR Committee on Community Engagement). Principles
of Community Engagement, Atlanta, Georgia, 1997.
Principles of Community Engagement provides
public health professionals and community leaders with a science base and practical
guidelines for engaging the public in community decision-making and action for health
promotion, health protection, and disease prevention.
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public
Health Service, Office of Public Health and Science, Office of Disease Prevention and
Health Promotion. Healthy People 2000: Healthy People in Healthy Communities – A
Guide for Community Leaders. June 1998.
This publication provides information on defining
healthy cities and communities, how to begin creating a healthy community, using Healthy
People 2000 Objectives to set priorities, measure progress, and improve your
community’s health. It also provides a list of resources.
Setting Health Priorities and Establishing Objectives
Brown W.J., Redman S. "Setting
Targets: A Three-Stage Model for Determining Priorities for Health Promotion." Australian
Journal of Public Health, 19(3):263-9, 1995.
Describes a three-stage model for setting targets
for health promotion. The model enables "epidemiological data and views from the
community to be synthesized and integrated with those of experts from health and social
services, using a nominal group process."
"Comprehensive compendium of all the
official guidelines and recommendations published by the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention for the prevention of diseases, injuries, and disabilities. This compendium was
developed to allow public health practitioners and others to quickly access the full set
of CDC’s guidelines using a single financial support from the Information Network for
Public Health Officials project."
This report is a compilation of the
committee’s efforts to establish leading health indicator sets that could "focus
on health and social issues as well as evoke response and action from the general public
and the traditional audiences for Healthy People."
- Conway T., Hu T.C., Harrington T. "Setting
Health Priorities: Community Boards Accurately Reflect the Preferences of the
Community’s Residents." Journal of Community Health, 22(1):57-68, 1997.
This article describes the process used to
determine if the views of the District Health Councils (DHCs) members agreed with those of
community members. The purpose was to determine the effectiveness of community advisory
boards, which are often used as a vehicle for community input regarding health planning.
- Health Care Forum Outcomes Toolkit.
"The Outcomes Toolkit provides a
comprehensive approach to planning and evaluating collaborative, cross-sectoral efforts.
The Toolkit integrates the process of defining mission and outcomes, setting performance
goals over time, linking budget to performance, reporting results, and ensuring
accountability." In particular, the toolkit establishes a process for setting
priorities and tracking progress against strategic goals.
- Hertzman C., Torres E., Subida R., Martins J.
"Identifying Environmental Health Priorities for A Whole Nation: The Use of Principal
Environmental Exposure Pathways in the Philippines." International Journal of
Occupational Environmental Health, 4(2):114-20, 1998.
Summarizes an approach to establishing
environmental health priorities based on the concept of principal environmental exposure
pathways (PEEPs). This extends the concept of a causal pathway backward from the health
outcome to the cause.
- µ Maiese D., Fox C.E. "Laying the Foundation for
Healthy People 2010." Public Health Reports, January 1998.
Summarizes activities implemented to gain
input on Healthy People 2010, with the hopes that these efforts would be duplicated by
states and communities in their own planning processes.
- McGinnis J.M., Foege W.H. "Actual Causes of
Death in the United States." Journal of the American Medical Association, 270(18):2207-12,
1993.
"The purpose of the study was to identify
and quantify non-genetic factors that contribute to death in the United States.
Approximately half of all deaths that occurred in 1990 could be attributed to the factors
identified." They represent a major health burden on our society and their
identification offers guidance for shaping health priorities.
- Robine J.M., Romieu I., Cambois E. "Health
Expectancy Indicators." Bulletin of the World Health Organization,
77(2):181-5, 1999.
Summarizes the "progress in the development
of health expectancy indicators, which are growing in importance as a means of assessing
the health status of populations and determining public health priorities."
Provides information on the process for
developing the Nation’s third set of disease prevention and health promotion
objectives and includes a 1997 Summary List of Objectives. It describes how to get
involved.
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,
Public Health Service. "Healthy People 2000: State Action." 1992.
"The report reflects the diversity of ways
in which states have used the Healthy People 2000 objectives as a guide for developing
state-specific health objectives."
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
"Healthy People 2010: What Next?" Prevention Report, 13(4), 1999.
Provides a summary of what has been done to date
on the Healthy People 2010 Initiative. It also provides literature resources, online
resources, in print resources, funding information resources, and educational aids
resources.
- Vilnius D., Dandoy S. "A Priority Rating
System for Public Health Programs." Public Health Reports, 105(5):463-70,
1990.
This article describes a priority rating system
which ranks public health issues according to size, urgency, severity of the problem,
economic loss, impact on others, effectiveness, propriety, economics, acceptability,
legality of solutions, and availability of resources.
Obtaining Baseline Measures, Setting Targets, and Measuring Progress
Data page includes links to web
sites on data,
surveys, and healthcare information standards.
- Allison J., Kiefe C.I., Weissman N.W. "Can
Data-Driven Benchmarks be Used to Set the Goals of Healthy People 2010?" American
Journal of Public Health, 89(1):61-5, 1999.
Provides an explanation of the
"pared-mean" method, which helps identify from data the best health care
practices. "For Healthy People 2010, benchmarks derived from data reflecting the best
available care provide viable alternatives to consensus-derived targets."
- Baker E.L., Ross D. "Information and
Surveillance Systems and Community Health: Building the Public Health Information
Infrastructure." Journal of Public Health Management Practice, 2(4):58-60,
1996.
Discusses the purpose of public health
surveillance and information systems, examples from states with strong public health
information infrastructures, and the CDC INPHO initiative as a capacity building process.
Identifies some future surveillance and information system challenges.
- Bengson C. "The Year 2000 Issue: Implications
for Public Health Information and Surveillance Systems." NACCHO NEWS,
January/February:11, 1998.
Highlights the basics of the "2000
date" hardware issue (Y2K) and provides essential contact information.
- Birkhead G.S. "Recognizing and Supporting the
Role of Public Health Surveillance: Intensive Care for a Core Public Health
Function." Journal of Public Health Management Practice, 2(4)vii-ix, 1996.
This editorial helps to define surveillance, the
surveillance demands that have evolved, and the difficulty in recognizing and addressing
public health surveillance needs.
Links to data web sites, news releases, and
documentation related to safety and health statistics.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. "Public Health
and Managed Care: Data Sharing for Common Goals." Chronic Disease Notes &
Reports, 10(1):1-8, 1997.
Describes benefits and barriers of data sharing,
the intended effects of Kennedy-Kassebaum Legislation (HIPPA), and the HMO Research
Network.
"The DATA2000 System contains national
baseline and monitoring data for each Healthy People 2000 objective. In WONDER the
available baseline and updated data are shown for 520 objectives and sub-objectives.
Output options include simple tables and graphs."
- Chin T.L. "Internets/Intranets: A New Public
Health Tool." Health Data Management, February 1998.
Discusses the use of the Internet and intranets
by health departments around the nation including a focus on the CDC Information Network
for Public Health Officials (INPHO) initiative.
- µ Committee on Leading Health Indicators for Healthy People
2010. Leading Health Indicators For Healthy People 2010: Final Report. Division of
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Institute of Medicine, 1999.
This report includes the selection criteria for
leading health indicators, as well as proposed indicator sets for Healthy People 2010.
Provides access to the Environmental Protection
Agency’s environment data.
- Feinleib M. "Setting and Monitoring Health
Objectives for the Nation." Public Health Reviews, 23(2):127-38, 1995.
"Reviews the progress toward accomplishing
the objectives of the Healthy People 2000 national disease prevention effort. The National
Center for Health Statistics has the responsibility for gathering information needed to
monitor the progress toward these targets. The NCHS does so by ensuring that timely and
accurate data are available, by constant monitoring of the trends, and by efficient
communication with those responsible for implementing the programs and those who provide
the resources for supporting the programs. This is to enhance the likelihood of achieving
national objectives."
- Feldman P., Gold M., Chu K. "Enhancing
Information for State Health Policy." Health Affairs, 13(3):236-50, 1994.
Essay on development of credible data, active
policy champions, using data to gain the support of key constituencies, choosing staff
with entrepreneurial and bridging skills, and taking advantage of short term policy
windows.
- Health Forum Outcomes Toolkit.
The toolkit’s data capabilities:
- Allows for the development of a community-wide
database on health, quality of life, economic vitality and community capacity
- Supports multiple users and facilitates
information sharing among users
- Provides charting and graphing capabilities
- Responds to public and private sector demands for
demonstrating measurable results
- Browse through any database that is accessible
online
- Cut-and-paste information into your own database
from anywhere, including from other communities
- Customize reports about activities and results
- Equipped with the power to locate and use a vast
array of relevant information, including secondary data, via Web access
- µ ICD-10 – The following sites provide information on
the ICD-10.
Links to information on Medicare financing,
public use data files, and national healthcare indicators and expenditures.
"The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
(MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The
data in the weekly MMWR are provisional, and are based on weekly reports to CDC by state
health departments."
- National Association of County Health Officials.
Assessment
Protocol for Excellence in Public Health (APEXPH), 1991.
The tool is an eight-step process for assessing
community health status and planning for improvement. It is based on the principles of
environmental justice, community collaboration, and locally appropriate decision making.
Guidance is designed to be easily accessible and flexible enough to meet the needs of a
variety of communities with differing health concerns. For more information, see http://www.naccho.org.
"The National Association of Health Data
Organizations (NAHDO) is the premier national health information organization dedicated to
improving health care through the collection, analysis, dissemination, and use of health
care data."
A review of cancer statistics from 1973-1995.
Publications and information products with links
to Healthy People 2000 Reviews (in PDF format). The home page for the National Center for
Health Statistics is available at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/.
- Sondik E. "Healthy People 2000: Meshing
National and Local Health Objectives." Public Health Report, 111(6):518-20,
1996.
Summarizes the successes and problems with data
collection as it relates to the Healthy People initiative. Urges action on the national,
state and local levels.
- Stevens P.E. "Focus Groups: Collecting
Aggregate-Level Data to Understand Community Health Phenomena." Public Health
Nursing, 13(3):170-6, 1996.
The article discusses the potential benefits of
focus groups when studying community health. It explores the advantages and uses of a
focus group as well as purposes and processes of focus group facilitation. It goes on to
explain how to analyze focus group results, their limitations, and their implications for
health planning.
- Torres I.M. "Assessing Health in an Urban
Neighborhood: Community Process, Data Results and Implications for Practice." Journal
of Community Health, 23(3):211-26, 1998.
Summarizes the development process of the Health
Assessment Project (HAP). This was a health assessment conducted by the University of
Massachusetts School of Public Health faculty, students and community organizations and
residents. The article gives an overview of the community process, data results, and
implications for public health practice.
- Turnock B., Handler A. "Measuring Effective
Local Public Health Practice." Available from B.J. Turnock, Center for Public Health
Practice, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Box 6998, Chicago,
IL 60680. (312) 996-6620. 1994.
"This paper proposes a framework for
describing and measuring local public health practice to track progress toward Objective
8.14 of Healthy People 2000. Performance measures consisting of performance
expectations/standards and associated performance indicators for each of the 10 collective
public health practices developed at the Centers for Disease Control in 1989 are included.
The appendices include preliminary and revised standards and indicators. The effectiveness
of local health departments in addressing the core functions of public health is
discussed. Roles for local health liaisons in the surveillance of local public health
practice and capacity building are also addressed."
This article looks at how the "U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services and state and local communities are applying
performance measurement. It describes and shows how states can develop performance
measures based on Healthy People Objectives."
Managing and Sustaining the Process
American Public Health Association, Model
Standards Project. "Community Strategies for Health: Fitting in the Pieces."
Available from the American Public Health Association, 800 Eye Street, N.W., Washington,
D.C. 20001-3710. (202) 777-2742. 1993.
This manual indicates ways that local health
agencies can reach out to organizations that are concerned with the health of their
community. The principles contained in the "Healthy Communities 2000: Model
Standards," are emphasized. The use of the Assessment Protocol for Excellence in
Public Health (APEXPH) and the Planned Approach to Community Health (PATCH) in reaching
the goals of the model standards is considered. The manual highlights steps that local
health departments, the medical community, community organizations, local employers, the
academic community, and local media can take to obtain commitments from community
members."
- American Public Health Association, Model
Standards Project. "The Guide to Implementing Model Standards: Eleven Steps Toward a
Healthy Community." Available from Jenne Glass, Model Standards Project, American
Public Health Association, 800 Eye Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20001-3710. (202)
777-2742. 1993.
"This manual provides local health
departments with 11 steps for implementing the "Healthy Communities 2000: Model
Standards" within their programs to help achieve the goals of Healthy People
2000."
- Bronheim S.M., Keefe M.L., Morgan C.C.
"Building Blocks of a Community-Based System of Care: The Communities can Campaign
Experience." Available from Mary Deacon, Georgetown University Child Development
Center, 3307 M Street, N.W., Suite 401, Washington, D.C. 20007. (202) 687-8635. 1993.
"This report is part of a series focused on
the details of how individual communities can realize the vision of providing
family-centered, community-based, coordinated care for children with special health needs
and their families. Winning strategies included fostering interagency collaboration,
establishing public/private partnerships, identifying non-monetary resources, promoting
active participation by physicians and families in system development, building on
existing programs, developing generic systems of care to serve all children, and
developing cultural competence. This campaign was implemented as part of the Healthy
People 2000 objectives for the nation, and funded by the Maternal and Child Health Bureau,
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and by the American Academy of
Pediatrics."
From this main page, follow the link to Healthy
Communities, then to Sustaining the Effort. This will take you to the article,
"Sustaining the effort: building a learning community from the healthcare
forum." The table of contents includes areas such as governance, structure, and
leadership; process; maintaining participation and inclusion; resources; staff support;
measurement; and celebration.
- Johnson K. "Building Capacity Through
Collaborative Leadership." International Journal of Health Planning and
Management, 11(4):339-44, 1996.
"This paper is based upon material from the
manuals and training program underpinnings of the ‘Sustaining community-based
initiatives’ from the Healthcare Forum with the W.K. Kellogg Foundation in the USA.
The use of organizational management principles and practices in community involvement and
strengthening community leadership is illustrated through practical examples."
- µ National Civic League. "The Healthy Communities
Handbook." Available from National Civic League, 1445 Market Street, Suite 300,
Denver, CO 80302. (303) 571-4343.
"This manual is intended for the use of
community groups, business people, individuals, or local governments that are concerned
with their communities. It incorporates the goals and objectives of the Healthy People
2000 initiative into a community-based health planning process. The manual notes the
standards and principles from various programs to develop a baseline for planning local
programs."
The study focuses on lessons and insights
gained through the experience of Comprehensive Community Initiatives. The study defines
the characteristics of a good leader and staff, how to develop and maintain a sense of
hope and momentum, and how planning and action can be blended and
balanced.
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,
Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. "Healthy People 2000: Turning
Commitment into Action." 1993.
Provides activity ideas for mobilizing the
Healthy People 2000 initiative.
Communicating Health Goals and Objectives
µ American Public Health Association, Model Standards
Project. "Media relations." Available from American Public Health Association,
800 Eye Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20001-3710. (202) 777-2742. 1993.
"This manual provides local governments with
strategies to obtain media coverage for their efforts to develop local health programs
that integrate the ‘Healthy Communities 2000: Model Standards’ principles. It
considers the interrelated needs of the local health departments for coverage and the
local media for news of local interest. The manual indicates methods for gaining media
attention while operating on a limited budget and it highlights the parts of the Model
Standards that are related to current media issues."
- International Health Communication Hotline.
"It is dedicated to serving the community of
health communication researchers, educators, practitioners and administrators by offering
a variety of links to health and communication-related sites." Provides general
communication links, health communication/general health and medicine links, health
communication commercial sites, and other useful and interesting sites.
This journal provides information on "the
latest developments in the field of health communication, including research in social
marketing, shared decision making, communication (from interpersonal to mass media),
psychology, government, and health education in the United States and the world."
Includes information on planning and strategy
selection, determining your target audiences, writing program plans and developing a
timetable, selecting channels and materials, characteristics of mass media channels,
developing materials and pre-testing, implementing your program, establishing process
evaluation measures, steps for involving intermediaries in your program, assessing
effectiveness, outcome evaluation, impact studies, and revising the program.
- Morgan D.L., Krueger R.A. The Focus Group Kit.
Sage Publications, California, 1998.
A set of six short books that take you through
the focus group process. The books include: The Focus Group Guidebook, Planning Focus
Groups, Developing Questions for Focus Groups, Moderating Focus Groups, Involving
Community Members in Focus Groups, and Analyzing and Reporting Focus Group Results.
- National Association of County and City Health
Officers. Providing Culturally Appropriate Services: Local Health Departments and
Community-Based Organizations Working Together. Washington D.C.: National Association
of County and City Health Officials. 1994.
This report describes three case studies which
implemented activities to address language and cultural needs in their communities. It
includes recommendations for health departments along with information about other
resources, references, and contacts on multi-cultural health.
- µ Siegel M., Doner L. Marketing Public Health: Strategies
To Promote Social Change. Aspen Publications, Maryland, 1998.
This book focuses on marketing principles for
public health practice, including challenges and opportunities for marketing social change
and public health. It also focuses on using marketing principles to design, implement, and
evaluate public health interventions. In addition, it includes case studies.
- Social Marketing Quarterly.
A publication of Best Start, Inc. and The
Department of Community and Family Health, College of Public Health, University of South
Florida. All articles in the journal "focus on social marketing, or emphasize a
component of social marketing and demonstrate how the components(s) fit into and/or apply
to a complete social marketing program."
A brief overview of why the Social Marketing
Theory can work in public health. It is adapted from the following article: Ling J. C.,
Franklin B. A. K., Lindsteadt J. F., Gearon, S. A. N. "Social marketing: its place in
public health." Annual Review of Public Health, 13: 341-362, 1992.
- The United States Conference of Local Health
Officers and the United States Conference of Mayors. Language and culture in health
care: Coping with Linguistic and Cultural Differences: Challenges to Local Health
Departments. The United States Conference of Local Health Officers and The United
States Conference of Mayors. Copies can be obtained from 1620 Eye Street, N.W.,
Washington, D.C. 20026, Tel: (202) 293-7730. 1993.
This report addresses the barriers encountered
in the provision of services to non-English speaking groups at the local level. It also
provides recommendations for actions and descriptions of several case profiles.
- Walsh D.C., Rudd R.E., Moeykens B.A., Moloney T.W.
"Social Marketing for Public Health." Health Affair, 12(2):104-19, 1993.
"Marketing techniques and tools, imported
from the private sector, are increasingly being advocated for their potential value in
crafting and disseminating effective social change strategies. This paper describes the
field of social marketing as it is used to improve the health of the public. A disciplined
process of strategic planning can yield promising new insights into consumer behavior and
product design. However, the "technology" cannot simply be transferred without
some translation to reconcile differences between commercial marketing and public
health."
Other Useful Resources
American Association for Health Education.
"Serves health educators and other
professionals who promote the health of all people. AAHE encourages, supports, and assists
health professionals concerned with health promotion through education and other
systematic strategies."
"The mission is to promote the quality
practice of health education and health promotion as core disciplines of public health
practice and to advocate for quality health education/health promotion programs and
strategies to address the nation’s leading health problems."
The mission of the CDC is, "to promote
health and quality of life by preventing and controlling disease, injury, and
disability." The web site contains information ranging from research to funding
issues and from various guidelines to health information. This site is searchable by key
word.
Contains various information on health, news,
funding opportunities, and scientific resources. It also has its own search engine.
The National Library of Medicine (NLM), the
world's largest medical library, collects materials in all areas of biomedicine and health
care. NLM produces a number of free online databases that can be searched to identify
publications (books or journal references) on specific health related topics including
topics of interest to public health. NLM is a national resource for all U.S. health
science libraries through a National Network of Libraries of Medicine. The public can call
toll-free for referral to a network library member in their area: 888-346-3656.
MEDLINE
MEDLINE is the National Library of Medicine's
online database that contains almost 10 million references to journal articles in the
health sciences. Approximately 4,000 medical journals are indexed in MEDLINE. The time
period covered is 1960 to the present. Seventy-six percent of the articles have abstracts.
NLM has developed two interfaces for searching MEDLINE: (1) PubMed and (2) Internet
Grateful Med. Both services have online instructions available (under Help in PubMed and
the Internet Grateful Med User's Guide from the IGM homepage) to assist users in searching
MEDLINE effectively.
LOCATORplus
LOCATORplus is the National Library of
Medicine's new Web-based catalog. LOCATORplus allows anyone with Internet access to find
out what books, journals, audiovisuals, manuscripts, and other items are contained in the
NLM collections.
HSR Search
HSR Search is the National Library of
Medicine's search interface designed to give users a single access point to several NLM
databases with health services research-specific information. This new feature is
accessible from the National Information Center on Health Services Research and Health
Care Technology (NICHSR) homepage. HSR Search allows users to enter one or more terms that
are then ANDed together for them. HSR Search runs a query against the following NLM
databases: HealthSTAR, HSRProj, DIRLINE, HSTAT, and a prototype HSR Tools database. Users
may select all or some of these when sending a query. It is expected that in the future
that the HSR Search will be replaced by an NLM gateway that is currently being developed
by Library staff. This gateway, which will be a much more sophisticated state-of-the-art
access mechanism, will provide access to NLM's databases beyond the HSR suite.
National Information Center on Health Services
Research and Health Care Technology
NICHSR is the National Library of Medicine's
focal point for health services research information. The goals of NICHSR are to make the
results of health services research, including practice guidelines and technology
assessments readily available to health practitioners, health care administrators, health
policy makers, payers, and the information professionals who serve these groups; to
improve access to data and information needed by the creators of health services research;
and to contribute to the information infrastructure needed to foster patient record
systems that can produce useful health services research data as a by-product of providing
health care. See the NICHSR Related Web Sites (links) for important resources.
Partners in Information Access for Public
Health Professionals
This is a new collaborative project to
provide public health professionals with timely and convenient access to information
resources to help them improve the health of the American Public. Project partners include
the: Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO); Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC); Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA);
National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO); National Library of
Medicine (NLM); National Information Center on Health Services Research and Health Care
Technology (NICHSR), NLM; National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM); and the
Public Health Foundation (PHF). This resource includes special sections on: (1) Tools to
aid in identifying Grants and Grant Writing, (2) Tools for Education and Training, and
(3) information about libraries within your own local geographic areas to assist you in
obtaining documents and related library services or for developing local partnerships.
Current Bibliographies in Medicine
Current Bibliographies in Medicine is the
National Library of Medicine's publication series which contains selected references on a
distinct subject area of medicine of current popular interest, e.g., domestic violence
assessment by health care practitioners. See especially the CBM on Public Health
Informatics (http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/cbm/phinform.html) and health literacy
related bibliographies (forthcoming).
HSRProj
HSRProj is one of the information products
developed by the National Information Center on Health Services Research and Health Care
Technology (NICHSR), a component of the National Library of Medicine. HRSProj contains
descriptions of research in progress funded by federal and private grants and contracts
for use by policy makers, managers, clinicians and other decision makers. It provides
access to information about health services research in progress before results are
available in a published form. Records cover both grants and contracts awarded by several
major public and private funding agencies and foundations.
Users can retrieve names of performing and
sponsoring agencies, names and addresses of the principal investigator, beginning and
ending years of the project, level of funding, information about study design and
methodology (including demographic characteristics of the study group), number of subjects
in the study population, population base of the study sample, and source of the project
data. Project descriptions are also included whenever possible.
HSTAT
HSTAT is a free, electronic resource
developed under the auspices of the National Library of Medicine (NICHSR office) that
provides access to the full-text of documents useful in health care decision making. STAT
includes: clinical practice guidelines, quick-reference guides for clinicians, consumer
brochures, and evidence reports sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and
Quality (AHRQ); AHRQ technology assessment reports; National Institutes of Health (NIH)
consensus development conference and technology assessment reports; NIH Warren G. Magnuson
Clinical Center research protocols; HIV/AIDS Treatment Information Service (ATIS) resource
documents; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Substance
Abuse Treatment (SAMHSA/CSAT) treatment improvement protocols; and the Public Health
Service (PHS) Preventive Services Task Force Guide to Clinical Preventive Services. It
also provides a link to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Prevention
Guidelines Database.
MEDLINEplus
MEDLINEplus is the National Library of
Medicine's new consumer health information service. See links for health consumers to
libraries participating in this project (http://medlineplus.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/libraries.html).
- Public Health Foundation Healthy People 2010
Audioconference Series.
The materials in the audioconference series
"serve as reference materials for states as they build their own health objectives
plan." The topics in the series include: Building State and Local Health Objectives;
Using Data to Set and Measure Health Objectives; Making the Link; Translating Healthy
People Objectives into Local Targets; Lessons Learned for 2010: The Good, the Bad, and
the Ugly.
- Society for Public Health Education.
"The mission is to provide leadership to the
profession of health education and health promotion to contribute to the health of all
people through advances in health education theory and research, excellence in health
education practice, and the promotion of public policies conducive to health."
"The Department of Health and Human Services
is the United States government's principal agency for protecting the health of all
Americans and providing essential human services, especially for those who are least able
to help themselves. The department contains more than 300 programs, covering a wide
spectrum of activities." The web site contains a plethora of information and you are
able to search the sight by key word.
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